A power of attorney (POA) is a legal document that lets you, the “principal,” authorize another person, called your agent, to act for you in financial and legal matters. Your agent can pay bills, manage bank accounts, handle real estate transactions, file taxes, and deal with insurance or government benefits, depending on the authority you grant. Without a power of attorney, family members may need to petition a court for guardianship to manage your affairs if you lose capacity. That process can be slow, costly, and public. Naming an agent in advance gives you control over who steps in and what they are allowed to do.